and the rest were unmarried but living together or of unknown status. As to marital status, 41.5% were single, 17.3% were married, 31.6% were separated or divorced, 2.7% were widowed. On average, the participants had finished 10.85 years of school. Of the total sample, 150 were white, 139 were black, and 5 belonged to other racial groups. This sample included 125 men and 169 women. Norms: The normative sample consisted of 294 psychiatric inpatients who had made recent suicide attempts. 74 in the suicide-attempt sample, it was. In the general practice sample, the correlation between the BHS and the ratings of hopelessness was. Beck examined the relationship between clinical ratings of hopelessness and BHS scores in two samples: a) 23 outpatients in general medical practice and b) 62 hospitalized patients who had recently attempted suicide. Both of these test-retest coefficients are statistically significant. In another sample of patients from the Center for Cognitive Therapy (N = 99), the test-retest reliability over a 6-week span was. The manual states that when 21 patients with mixed diagnoses were tested at the Center for Cognitive Therapy both during an intake evaluation and 1 week later, before beginning their therapy, the correlation between their scores on the two occasions was.

Reliability: The manual reports KR-20 coefficients (measures of the scale’s internal consistency) ranging from. The manual contains general cutoff guidelines, although the author recommends that cut-off scores should be based upon clinical decisions. The user bases his or her interpretation on the total scale score. Scoring: Scoring is straightforward one simply adds up each of the items marked in the direction keyed for “hopelessness.” Using the scoring template, one counts the number of blackened circles that show up under the circles on the template. The conceptual basis for the scale derives from the writings of the social psychologist Ezra Stotland.

Beck originally developed this scale in order to predict who would commit suicide and who would not. Beck Hopelessness Scaleĭescription: The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) is a 20-item scale for measuring negative attitudes about the future. Publisher: The Psychological Corporation.

Beck hopelessness scale questionnaire